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Abstract
Izz al-Din Abdul-Mawla discusses the evolution of the thought of modernity and argues that the frame of reference from which it emanated remains unchanged until today. He calls for reviewing modern thought from the outside and to transcend its theoretical and positivist frameworks. He defines “modern society” and “industrial society,” then examines the historical stages that led to the emergence of a modern society and industrial society. He explains the concepts of “reform” and “renaissance,” and then turns to the Enlightenment era. His study also addresses the features of the Western cultural project such as the rationalization of nature, history, religion, and politics, and discusses the French Industrial Revolution and the birth of modern industrial society. It concludes with a personal critique of modernity and post-modernity from within its frame of reference.
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