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Abstract
Rafiq Abdul-Salam Bu-Shlaka’s article is an attempt to survey the outcomes of philosophical thought which crystallized in the European Enlightenment era and paved the way for Western modernity, focusing on reading philosophical and cultural currents that branched out of that philosophical discourse. It outlines the dilemma of modernity from the beginning of the 19th century until the stage of crisis and disintegration, presenting the views of Freud, Lacan, Marx, and Althusser, then the deconstructive and destructive current by way of the views of Foucault, Nietzsche, and Heidegger, then the variant views of Habermas, Descartes, Faust, and Fukuyama. It concludes that modernity is an incomplete project; therefore, it is argued that there are multiple facets of modernity and its directions according to the historical and cultural experiences of peoples.
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