عارف عارف علي. “Arif, Ali Arif. ‘Surrogate Mother or ‘Rented Womb’: An Islamic Perspective,’ Year 5, Issue 19 (Winter 1420 AH 1999 CE), Pp. 85-118”. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah) 5, no. 19 (January 1, 1999): 118–85. Accessed May 3, 2026. https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1779.