ربّاع محمّد. Rabaʿ, Muhammad. “The Arabic Era of Protest as Described by Ibn Khaldūn: Linguistic Unity or Duplicity?” Year 3, Issue 12 (Spring 1418-1419 AH/ 1998 CE), Pp. 77-97. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah), [S. l.], v. 3, n. 12, p. 97–77, 1998. DOI: 10.35632/citj.v3i12.1887. Disponível em: https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1887. Acesso em: 7 may. 2026.