عارف عارف علي. Arif, Ali Arif. “Surrogate Mother or ‘Rented Womb’: An Islamic Perspective,” Year 5, Issue 19 (Winter 1420 AH/ 1999 CE), Pp. 85-118. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah), [S. l.], v. 5, n. 19, p. 118–85, 1999. DOI: 10.35632/citj.v5i19.1779. Disponível em: https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1779. Acesso em: 3 may. 2026.