عمر سباهتش. Omar, Spahetch. “Political Transformations in the Era of Muʿāwiyyah Ibn Abī Sufyān: A Study of the Nature of Relations between the Political and Scholarly Leaderships,” Year 5, Issue 20 (Spring 1421 AH/ 2000 CE), Pp. 61-107. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah), [S. l.], v. 5, n. 20, p. 107–61, 2000. DOI: 10.35632/citj.v5i20.1763. Disponível em: https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1763. Acesso em: 29 may. 2026.