طحّان محمّد جمال. Tahhan, Muhammad Jamal. “Despotism and the Disposition for Slavery,” Year 8, Issues 31-32 (Winter 1424 AH/ 2003 CE), Pp. 167-200. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah), [S. l.], v. 8, n. 32-31, p. 200–167, 2003. DOI: 10.35632/citj.v8i32-31.1507. Disponível em: https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1507. Acesso em: 7 may. 2026.