أبو شوك أحمد ابراهيم. Abu Shouk, Ahmad. “Islamic Interpretation of History: Rationale, Paradigms, and Methodological Problems,” Year 10, Issues 37-38 (Summer-Fall 1425 AH/ 2004 CE), Pp. 129-154. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah), [S. l.], v. 10, n. 38-37, p. 154–129, 2004. DOI: 10.35632/citj.v10i38-37.1415. Disponível em: https://citj.org/index.php/citj/article/view/1415. Acesso em: 23 may. 2026.