طحّان م.ج. 2003. Tahhan, Muhammad Jamal. “Despotism and the Disposition for Slavery,” Year 8, Issues 31-32 (Winter 1424 AH/ 2003 CE), Pp. 167-200. Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma’rifah). 8, 32-31 (Apr. 2003), 200–167. DOI:https://doi.org/10.35632/citj.v8i32-31.1507.