View of Ibn Ghaneisah, Nasr al-Din. “A Study of the Impact of Ethnocentrism in the Emergence of European Identity,” Year 14, Issue 56 (Spring 1430 AH/ 2009 CE), Pp. 115-146. | Al-Fikr al-islāmī al-muʿāṣir (previously Islamiyat al-Ma'rifah)